Wrench



F. F` PEASE.

WRENCH.

I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2| 1920 A 1,418,161 Patented May 30, 1922; I l.

TML? am .assembling operation.

ltlltllyllt@ Pitithli FICE.

FRED FORREST PE1-LSE, 0F EAST BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS.

W'RENGH Lil-18,161

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 30, 19,22.

Application led June 2,1920. Serial No. 386,130.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that l, Finn) Fonnnsi Piinsii,v

tion of the invention, such as will enable,

others skilled in Vthe vart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The presentinvention relates to wrenches and more particularly to wrenches employed in connection .with work requiring a powerful leverage.

In the construction of steel ships it is necessary to first .assemble the plates and Lother fabricated portions ofv the ship and bolt these parts temporarily in position, prior to the permanent connectionby riveting or other means. lny the preliminary bolting of the ship plates for assembling, large through bolts are employed which must not only hold `the plates in position but must be capable of .drawing the plates tightly together in the As this `frequently requires .an .actual bending of lthe .plates themselves,.it will be obvious that a powerful leverage must be yexerted .upon kvthe nutv to ,bring the plates into the desired relation.

' .ln addition. to Afinally setting the nut in position. the best forni .of wrench for this ,pur-

pose inust be `capable of rapidly threading the nut upon the other bolt vuntil the point is reached where the plates or other members have to be forced into position.

Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a new ,and ,improved foi-,in 1of wrench. which .shall-.loe vcapable of rapidly turning a -nut or .other member .where no substantial turning,,moment is re-` quired and which, in additi.on.shall have capacity for exerting a powerful leverage upon the nut when so desired.

lt is ay ilurther yobject of the invention to provide a wrench which may loe utilized in places where lonly La sinallrnoveniefnt .of the h andleis permitted and torender suoli a movement completely effective without having any substantial lost motion between the .handle and the gripping portion of the wrench.

With these objects in'view the several features of the invention consist lin certain novelfeatures of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts, the advantages of which will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the following description.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred form of the invention Fig. l represents a side elevation of the improved .wrench with the handle and brace member held together in the position .which they occupy for rapidly turning a nut; Fig. 2.1is a similar view of the wrench with the handle and braceinember separated in the-relative `positions which they occupy when the wrench is employed for exerting a powerful turning movement upon the nut; Fig. 3 is a detail illustrating a cross section in eleva tion of the hub and connected portions of the wrench; l is Aa detail illustrating a top p lan view of the wrench, Fig. 5 lis detail showing a section in elevation of the wrench, vtaken upon the line 5&5 of Fig. 4L; and Fig. 6 is a ydetail illustrating a cross section of vthe `one-direction clutch', taken upon the line Y6,-6of Fig. 5. d i

The wrench shown in the illustrated eni- .bodiment of .the invention comprises .da hub member l0 having an enlarged head l1 providedl with a socket cavity y12 for the reception of the nut or the head .cfa bolt. Inthe particular embodiment of ,the inventionv shown7 it willbe observed ,that this cavity is rectangular :to receive its correspondingly .shaped nutsuch Vas is `used `in the connection Yof ship plates. Loosely journaled upon the hub of the wrench is Ian actuator ineinber Aor Varm ylt which is supported .upon two bushings l5 .and ,16 disposed .upon opposite sides ,of atoothed surface 17 formed upon the hub. The vactuator member 14 is .connected with thehubthrough a simple and effective .forinof clutch mechan ism .of which ythe toothed surface forms .one member. rlhe cooperating clutch members are supported `within .a recess 18 formed within the actuator.member and consist of two sliding `blocks lf) and 20, `each .having clutch teeth 2l formed thereon. These blocks .are slidngly supper-ted .upon inclined surfaces 22 l*and 23 respectively formed vupon .the vmerriber 1.4L in such a manner that when the actuator member is turned in either direction one ofthe clutch blocks 19 is moved bythe correspondingly inclined face into contact with :the toothed surfacel. IIn order .toaid in the movement of ,the clutch blocks into yoperative position each .block is engaged by a spring 25 ycoiled about a pin 26 threaded in the actuator Emember. In the illustratedcembodiiiient ofthe invention the blocksr are also provided with recesses V28 which receive the ends of the pins when-the blocks are in an inoperative position, as shown in the case of one of the blocks in Fig. 5. In order to cause the clutch to operate as a one-direction clutch in either direction, a cam meinber 46 is interposed between Vthe blocks, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and is mounted upon the inner end of a shaft 29 having a bent portion 30 adapted to engage with positioning pins 31 and 32. TWhen thebent portion of the shaft 29 is located in position against either one of the pins 31 and 32 one of the clutch blocks is held in an inoperative position so that the clutch mechanism will operate as a oiie-direction clutch in 'either a right hand or a left hand direction. When the bentportion of the shaft 29, on the other hand, is located in a neutral position between the pins both clutch members will be permitted to operate and the actuator inem- Aber will be automatically connected with the hub when turning in both directions.

In order to impart a rapid turning movement to the hub at certain times and a slower turning movement with a powerful leverage at other times, mechanism is provided for causing the operating handle to turn the actuator arm directly and through the medium of a toggle member. For this purpose f what may be known as a brace'inember 47 is providedwith a forked end 4S loosely journaled upon the bushings 15 and 16 at opposite sides of the actuator arm A14, the two bearing portions 33 and 34: of the brace member being shown in section in Fig. 3. The operating handle 35 is pivoted to the brace member atk 37, this pivot point being located at one side of the axis of the hub.'

The handle, in addition, is connected with the actuator member 141- through a short link 39, the link, together with the end 410 of the handle, serving'as a toggle lever, the two `portions of which normally have the relative positions shown in Figs.' 1 and 2. VVhenthe wrench is to be employed for initially ythreading a bolt or nut the brace member 47 member 4are held together, a turning movement of the handle imparts a corresponding `movement to the actuator arm 14C, or in other words,vit is as if the handle constituted an extension of the actuator arm. kThis permitsva rapid turning movement to be imparted tothe hub the arc of which ,corresponds to the-arc of swing of the handle.

H1When' a point is reached, however, at which it is'desired to put considerable tension upon thev boltjor nut, the brace member is freed fromthe handle and allowed to move against whatever rigid support may be adjacent to the wrench. A pressure `upon the outer end of the handle then swings the handle about the'pivot 37 and straightens the toggle, consisting of the members 39 and 40, to impart a turning movement of lesserv extent to the actuator arm 14. It will be obvious that the thrust, due to the straightening of the toggle in one direction is resisted by the rigid support against which the brace member 17 rests so that the total thrust .of the toggle is utilized to exert a powerful turning leverage. upon the actuator member-14 and consequently the hubofthe wrench.

The clutch connecting the actuator member with the hub of the wrench is designed to provide a positive lock when moved in one direction and to be readily disengaged when moved in the oppositedirection. rT his result is insured in the illustrated enibodiment of the inventionA by forming the teeth on the hub as a series of semi-cylindrical portions 114C which are engaged by correspondingly shaped recesses 45 formed in the faces of the clutch blocks. During movement in one direction of the actuator member these recesses register with the correspondingly shaped teeth without damage and during movement in the opposite direction the cooperating teeth and recesses are quickly and surely disengaged.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that instead of the clutch described above any desired form of clutch mechanism may be used, such as a ratchet or equivalent construction which will cause the actuator member and hub to turn in unison.

7hile it is preferred to employ the specific construction and arrangement of parts shown and described-it will be understood that this construction and arrangement is not essential except so far as specified in the claims and may be changed or modified without departing from the broader features ofy the invention. 4

The invention having been described, what is claimed is:

l. A wrench comprising an actuator member, a hub, a one direction clutch adapted to connect the actuator member with the hub, a handle, and connections between the handle and actuator member designed to vary the angular movement of the handle with respect to that of the actuator member.

2. A wrench comprising a hub, a brace member journaled onthe hub, anv actuator member, a clutch connecting the actuator member and hub, atoggle connected with the actuator member, and ymeansfor operating the toggle to turn the actuator member.

3. A wrench comprising a hub, a brace member and an actuator member journaled upon the hub, a one direction clutch connecting the actuator member withnthehub, a handle pivoted upon thevbrace member,

and a link connecting the handle with the actuator member and designed to form a toggle in conjunction With the handle.

4L. A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator member journaled upon the hub, a handle,

means for causing the handle and actuator member to turn in unison, and a link con` necting the actuator member With the handle and designed to form a toggle With the handle to operate the actuator member when the means are released to permit the handle to turn independently of the actu` ator member.

A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator member and a brace member journaled upon the hub, means for connecting the actuator member to the hub to cause them to rotate together, a handle pivoted upon the brace member at one side of the hub, and a link connecting the handle with the outer end of the actuator member.

6. A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator arm ournaled upon the hub, a vclutch adapted to connect the actuator arm with the hub, a brace member, a handle pivoted upon the brace member, and a link connecting the handle With the outer end of the actuator arm and designed to form a toggle in conjunction With the handle.

7. A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator arm journaled upon the hub, a clutch adapted to connect the actuator arm with the hub, a handle, alink connecting thehandle with the outer end of the actuator arm and adapted to form a toggle in conjunction With one end of the handle, and a brace member journaled upon the hub and having the handle pivotally connected thereto, the brace member being designed to embrace the handle in one position and to resist the thrust of the toggle consisting of the handle and link in another position.

8. A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator arm journaled upon the hub, a clutch surface having semi-cylindrical projections formed upon the hub, and a cooperating clutch member supported Within the actuator member and having correspondingly shaped recesses adapted to engage with the projections to lock the actuator member to the hub.

9. A Wrench comprising a hub, an actuator member journaled upon the hub and having an inclined surface, a clutch member formed upon the hub, and a cooperating clutch member supported in the actuator member upon the inclined surface and designed to lock ,the actuator member to the hub when moved in one direction.

10. A Wrench comprising a hub,'an actuai tor member journaled upon the hub and having oppositely inclined surfaces, a clutch member formed upon thehub, cooperating sliding clutch members received Within the actuator member and supported upon the inclined surfaces, and a'cam member supported between the sliding clutch members and adapted to maintain either member in an inoperative position.

FRED FoRREsT PEAsE. 

